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WC l M. WIENSLOW BOILER March 23 ,g E92@ n B57754259 W. H. WINSLOWBOILER Filed De@ l2, 1919 e sheets-sheet 4 March Z3 1926. 1,577,549

. f W. H. wlNsLow v BOILER l Filed Dec. 12, 1919 e sheets-sheet 5' l'Ginn 26m' of li winch B g @UO March 23 1926.A 1,577,549

w. H. WlNsLow v A BOILER Filed DSC- ;2', 1919 e sheets-sheet 'e PatentedMar. 23, 1926.

oNiTE-D i STATES PATENT oFFicE.

WILLIAM H. WINsLoW, or RIVER FOREST; ILLINOIS, As'sIGNoRro wINsLowsArE'IY HIGH PRESSURE BoILnR COMPANY, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AooIiPoRArIbN or ILLINOIS. l

. nonna.

Application sied December 1.2 1919. serial No. 344,355.

, [o all whom, it may concern.'r

Be 'it known that I, wWILLIAM H. 71x snow, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at River Forest, in the county of Cook and .State 'ofIllinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in'loilers,of which the following is a full, clear-, concise, andexact description,referencebeing had -to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thisspecification. t

lMy inventionrelates to boilers.

The present constructionof boiler has been conceivedwitli the'primaryobject/.of

' understood,-liowever, that the novel features providing a boilercapable ofsuccessfully meeting all .of the exacting requirements foundin steam vehicle practice." It 1s to be of the invention may befembodiedin boilers designed and constructed for other utilities as well. A l The requirements which make the problem of the-steam vehicle boiler morediiiicult to solve' than anyother type, arise principally froin'spacelimitations, the necessity of an essentially light weight construction,.the -variable nature of the vehicle propelling load; and the imperativenecessity'ofbeing able to generate steam quickly. rlhe followingillustrate the more-'important requisites of a boiler intendedfor use ina steam pro-I pelled vehicle.

1,-A large ratio' of 'heat-ing surface rela` tive to the limited size)and circumscribed Aform of the boiler;

2. Rapid steaming capacity 3. 'Ability to meet widely fluctuatingy loaddemands, and to supply abnormally large quantities of steam Withoutpriming;

4. Relatively large water-content for reserve accumulation 'ofhe'atenergy;

5. Heat economy; 6. Safety under high pressures; 7. Minimum. weight andsize and general conformation suitable to compact location in steam`vehicles;

`A8. Complete combustion in vthe limited.- combustion: space available,Awith entire "absence of smoke or soot; 9. Sectional construction, andcapable of convenient 'repair or replacement of a sec'- tion. y

The boiler is ofV cylindrical .'formation, and

. is of sectional, water tube lconstruction'.v The boilerse'otionsextend radially from tlie'center of the boiler; and in theirpreferred embodiment each section comprises two or more substantiallyvertical headers joined `by. -a plurality of connecting tubes.'Apeculiar and-novel relation exists between the-circu'- lar formationofthe boiler and' the radial' sectional construction, to-wit: it permitsof a very desirable proportioning of the d imenbyl each partof thesection has the proper Capacity, rate of circulation, 'and heat ab.sorption consistent with its intended func-' vtional relation to `theremainder of the sections. 'This will be more apparent by con'--siderin'gv the relation between the outer and inner headers in the.present boiler sections.

'l ne outer headers are disposed substantially in contact to formanouter circularV water wall which-defines the outside of the boiler,and likewise, the inner headersfare disposed substantiallyin contact toform aninner circular water wall. By reason of their greater distancefrom the center of the boiler, the" *i outer headers' are of muchlargersize thanL the inner headers and consequently have a larger volume andlower rate of'circulation than the. inner headers. The relatively largevolume of the outer headers affords a quiescent water and steam spacewhich is substantiall vfrc'efrqm violent agitation,A and .whichy is ieally adapted to the withdrawing of steam with minimum- .degree ofpriming.; Conversely, the relatively small volume of the inner headersresults iii a high rate ,of circulation and a violentebullitionvtherein,

which is particularly adapted to the steam freeing and water circulating'action desired.

The relation of the inner4 andouter headers y to the" combustion areasis also made-'con-- ducive to relatively higher.I rate ofheat'absorption by the inner headers. A desirable proportioning of thedimensions of the con# necting tubeswith relation to the headers is alsomade possible bythe `Jcircular arrange-4- Ato its sectional area has asteadier and more eiiicient steaming action that a tube of long lengthrelative to the sectional area/for the reason that it is morecapable ofquietly dischargingr the steam freed therein without disturbing thesteaming action of the water remaining in the tube. lVhen working a Ylong circulating tube. at a high steaming rate,

there is a tendency for the steam to be generaed in larger volumes thanthe tube can properly discharge, and as a consequence the steam producesan explosive ejection of the water and steam from both ends of the tubewhich results in an irregular fluctuating action of the tube.

The combustion area of the boiler is con fined entirely within thecircular formation of the boiler and is Substantially sur# rounded bythe header Walls so that the boiler is yactually internally fired. Thisinternally fired construction increases the effective heating surfaceconsiderably by utilizing practically every surface against which thegases impinge as a heating surface. Owing to the relatively small sizeof the boiler and the fact that the combustion,chamber is completelyenclosed therein, the combustion area is entirely disproportionate tothe area generally required for burning equal amounts of fuel, butnotwithstanding ,these limitations, the combustion of fuel is completedwithout the production of smoke or soot by a particularly novel methodof burning the fuel which I shall hereinafter describe.

The boiler and burner which I have disclosed in the accompanyingdrawings illustrates a preferred construction, primarily designed for`use in a steam driven automobile power plant, but as I yhave previouslyremarked, it is to be understood that the l trating a modified formationof the inner and outer headers;

Figure G is a horizontal sectional view illustrating still anothermodified construction of the boiler sectins;

Figure 7 is a detail section of a modified type of feed waterconnection;

rFigure- 8 is a horizontal sectional view thru the boiler, illustratingthe improvedv construction of burner;

Figure 9 is a side elevational View of the ricerca@ illustrating` stillanother modified construc` tion of buiner.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the boiler is composed of a plurality ofvertical sections, each designated 1() in its entirety, which are ar1anged in circular formation, each section radiating from a centralexhaust flue 11. The sections are substantially identical and comprise along outer header 12 of relatively large diameter, and a short innerheader 13 of relatively smalll diameter. these headers being joined by aplurality of short cross tubes 14. The outer headers 12 are placed inContact so as to form a substantially closed ring of hea-ders, whichconstitutes the circular outer water wall of the boiler. The innerheaders 13 are also placedin contact toform a substantially closed innerring of headers, which constitutes the inner circular water walldefining the central exhaust flue 11. Between the outer and inner waterwalls is defined a vertical flue space 1,5 ot' ring-shape conformationthrough which pass the. products of combustion from the an.- nular firebox below. The circulating tubes 14 are interspersed across this fluespace 15, the tubes of 'each section extending substantially radiallyacross the flu-c space between the outer and inner headers.

The joining of the circulating tubes 14 to the headers 12 and 13 ispreferably by autogenous welding so as to produce an integral unit! ofeach section. It will be noted from Figure 1 that these tubes areinclined at an increasing angle from the top to the bottom ofthe'sections; this is for thccpury pose of securing a highly efficientsteam producing and steam freeing circulation, which I shall hereinafterdescribe, and which I have disclosed fundamentally in my prior` 3. Thereason for direi-.gintv these tubes iiiy a lateral stagger is priniarlyto avoid the formation of large flue spaces between the sections whichwould otherwise result from `the radial .divergence between thesections;

10 y thereof increases the lateral strength of the and secondto destroythe lclosely grouped tier effect of the tubes With the consequentineffective circulation of the fluefgases beg tween the tubes. Thenumber-of staggered rows which may be provided may be varied.

. This lateralstagger of the tubes furthermore increases the structuralstrength of the lboiler vsections against expansion stresses,

and from the fact that these tubes entirely supportthe inner header 13the stagger tubes for supporting the header. T fhe boiler setting isupon a circular sup porting T-bar 17 upon which rests the outer ring ofheaders 12. The headers .'12 are rigidly l supported upon the "bar` 17by threaded studs 18 which project down 'from the bottom of the headersthrough holes in one of the tlangesof the T-bars V17 Where they are'clamped' by .nuts 19: The tendency of the sections to incl-ine inwardlyunder the hangingwe'ight of the projectingtubesv and inner headers isovercome bythe provision of the central flue pipe 21 which extends up'in the closedring' of inner headers 13 and thus sustains the sectionsagainst tipping inwardly The outer hea-ders 412 consistof Wroughtii'ieftal drums having open ends in vwhich are welded the end heads 22and 23. These heads are setback into the ends of the.

l l 'drums and have lateral flanges 211 which are welded to the innercircumferences ofthe drums.. It will be apparent tliat'by thisarrangement the process of welding the .end`

heads' in the drum is greatly facilitated by reason of the accessafforded to bothv sides of the Welded'. joint rand also to theiabilityto put'the Weld under pressure'.l `The inner headers 13 consist ofwrought Ymetal tubes,-

, ,the ends of which are sivaged over and are welded solid toclose ottthe ends-of the headers,y The studs 18 by which the headers Aareymounted on thecircular channel 17, are

preferably .made integral with the lowerl .liea'ds'28-l y I Y Flach ofthe boiler sections has an independent feed water connection 25 ,with .acommon feed water pipe 26 which encircles the boiler. The feed waterconnection 25l preferably consists of a short nipple -2 which is weldedto the outer header drum,

a union,v 27 being provided to permit ofconvenient connection anddisconnection of the bodiment and theup er' flangel thereof' isvprovided with relative y large openings 20'l or receiving thedownwardly extending connection 25 is preferably made integral with thelower end head 23,fthe up er sui'- face of which is preferably slope`dowiiwardly and centrally to discharge the scale' tending to accumulatethereon down 'thru thefeed water connection 25". The end head I 23 isalso provided with a depending pe riphera-l flange 24 which is welded t'the header 12 as vpreviously described. The feed Water connection 25 isthreaded to receive a nut 30 which' isadapted to be drawn agi tightagainst the upper flange of the channel 17 to .rigidly support theheader. The cnil of the connection25" is. joined to the fcc l Water pipe'26( by al union. The pipe 2H E. preferably constructed in twoscniicirculrr sections which are bolted or otherwise connectedtogether.` The boiler is not completly filled .with Water, butonly partially lille` li somewhat as ir'idiea'ted in the sei-lionelheaderl 12. A delinite water level is not inn perative as this may Varyto a considerable deoree withoutaii'ectino" the wei-kine of the I: i b nv boiler. v i Each of tlieboiler sections 10 is providinl withA aseparate superheating;` tub'e28` thru i which the steam is dischargedfrom the sec@ tion. The superheating tubes 2SA are disposed between theboiler sections and are sliapedinto the forni of a sinuous coil having aseries of vertical loopsto provide an extensive superlieating area. Thesuperheating coil 28 has releasable coupling'thru a union 29 with a`nipple 31 which is'wclded 'Y I integrally' to tlie'lieader adjacent theupper end-Ithereof-7 The nipple 31 and union 2S) project diagonally fromthe header 12 so as to avoid interference with the uppeiinostcirculating tube, and-'sofas to enable the union 29" to be disconnectedwith facility. The inner end fof each superheatmgcoil 28 lrises above.the sections and has connection with a central steami manifold 32 whichis disposed directly over the exhaust line 'll whereit is su'bject'tothe heat of the hot gases, in the top of the-furnace. This steammanifold consists of a solid disc ofmetal 'provided with a .plurality ofradial'steam passages 33 arrangedfm connection with the severalsuperheating coils 28 thru threaded studs 34 projecting` from theperiphery thereof.. The .coiiplingunions 85 secure-a ,steam tight jointby drawing they end of the `snperheater tube up over the .tapered endof' thel stud 34 as illustrated in 36 which has'connection to the steamsupply pipe 37 thru the threaded stud 3S and union 39.* The supplypipe37 'extends vertically section. The radial steam passages 33 convergeinto a common central steam chamberr of to theenginethrottle or otherpoint of steam consumption. The flue pipe2'1 is ex- 95 feed waterconnections 2 5. The feed water tended 'down thru the center oftheirebo'x.

'iso i `inne-iheaders l?) iorms an etiective exhaust ilue. and the upperportion of the iluc pipe 2l nay therefore be eliminated i'rom betweenthe headers. it desired, ior the purpose oi more ell'ectiyely exposingthe headers lf3 to the heat oi the exhaust gases.

"Referring again to the sectional illustration ot the outer header l2 asshown in Figure l..it willlie noted that the upper en d oh the header.trom whence the steam 'is withdrawn, is separated from the lower' waterarea of the header by an inclined defleeting),` baille, Lil. Thisdel'lecting balile preferably consists ot a perforated plate ofgenerally elliptical "formation which is welded in the upper end ot' theheader on an inward and dowi'iward inclination with its lower edgeslie'htl;v spaced trom the inner wall ot the header. This lower edge isspaced from the inner wall otthe header so not-to impede the dischargeot water trom the uppermost tubes 14 down into the header 12. Thebal'lieperfor-ations 43 extend thru the baille substantiallyhorizontally so as to -prevent the passage ot' water up thru the bailleduringl the splashingl ot the water against the saine, but not tolhinder the ilow of steam to the superheatu'ig` coil llhere is smalllikelihood of any of the water 4splashimgr up thru the restricted spacebe-- l .tweenthe bathe 4l and the-inner wall of the header and beingcaught in the open end of thesteam connection 31 because ot theVertical-motion of the water, which would not allow it to trap in thehorizontal steam outlet 31. The Very much larger volume oi the outerheader 12 ndthe tact that this header is not heated ashig'hly as theinner header lil results in the water and steam therein being in arelatively quiescent condition even during extremely rapid working! ofthe boiler. lt will hence'be seen that the triangular steam 'poclsetinthe upper end of the header 12 is substantially free from I water eitherfrom ebullition or the physicaly jarring' of the boiler, andconsequently the tendency of the boiler to prime is reduced to a minimumeven during extremely rapid working,` ot the boiler.

From the fact that the inner and outer water walls constitute veryellectire insi'ilating" walls for preventing* the, radiation oit heat.the problem of insulatingand housing the boiler is made relativelysimple. The boiler is enclosed in a cylindricalmetal shell or casingr14, which tits-down over the ring` oi outer headers 12, and which isformed with an arched domeA shaped top l5 for closing oil the top of theboiler. The interior of the shell 44 is preferably lined with described.burner apparatus and the particular method a suitable insulatingmaterial 476 for preventing' the loss ot any heat which might permeateoutbetwecn the outer headers l2. li a greater degree oi heat insulationis desired, a suitable heat insulating material may be iilled in in` theVertical spaces between'the cuisine` -lt and the pairs ol;l adjzu centheaders l2. In the dome shaped top 45 the insulation is preferablyincreased in thickness as indicated at l? to prevent the outwardradiation oi'any heat accun'iulatin in the top oi the boiler. rl`helower edge ot the xshell il is provided with a plurality of rerticalslots -=l8 tor eneagineV over the i'ccd 'water connections ot the outerheaders l2. The lower edge oi the casing ll rests on a circular plate#lil which functions as a supporting base Yl'or the boiler, and to whichis bolted the supportingl bar 17 through the mediumioi a ring-shapedangle iron 5() ywhich is secured to the T-bar 17. The plate eltlistermed with an upwardly turned flange which embraces the bottom oi thecasiiig' #il and closes oli' the vertical slots ILS'. At

`its` top the shell or casing' il is provided with a handle 5l forfacilitating removal thereof.

l shall now describe the burner apparatus, making particular referenceto the form of lire box'or combustion chamber,

.and the novel method ot' burning; the fuel whereby the large quantitiesot fuel required are burned in the very conlined combustion spacewithout. the production ol smoke or soot.. The present -invention' isnot directly concerned with such parts oi the burner apparatusk as areemployed for the generation of the combustible mixture.

and the automatic igniting ot the same under the control ot boilerconditions, and this latter apparatus will therefore not be Though thepresent forni ot of burning the fuelhas novel correlation with thecircular formation ot the present boilergl wish it to be understood thatthere is no invariable dependency between the boiler and the particulartorni of burner, and thatother, forms of burner may be employed torheating the boiler it desired, or other forms of boilers may be heatedby this burner, but there is a novel and useful relation' betweenthepresent burner 'and the particular form ot boiler.

The tire box or combustion chamber con` sists of a circular chamber 54composed of a suitable heat refractory material. which is mounted on thebase plate 49 and is entirely surrounded by the outer water Wall. rlhiscombustion chamber preferably comprises -an outer circular Wall, aninner circularpwall 5G surrounding the exhaust j the dotted line inFigure 1, for a purpose "which I- shall presentlyA describe.v The innerwall 56 extends. up around the eX-.

loss of heat thru the exhaust flue.

outer wall of the combustin chamber,

haust flue pipe`21 and terminatcs'substantially in ,contact with thering -of inner headers 13 so asto prevent the outward The is in contactwith the outer wall of headers `12, and is provided with a graduallyinwardly carved lip 58 adjacent its upper edge to deflect theburnng'mixture and the products of combustion inward and away` lfromcontact with the outer wall of headers 'the T-bar 1?-, butifdesirable,further heat insulation may be provided by theI filling -in ofthese"triangularvintersticesA with fire clay or thejlike.' Thecombustion cham-` ber 54 is supported by thebase plate 49 which also,protects the bottom of the combustion chamber against mechanicalfracture.

t As shown best.in Figuresl` and 8 the combustibleimixture is injectedsubstantially. tangentially4 into the circular combustion chamber54-1thru a Venturi or nozzle tube 61- which'disc-harges into thecombustion chamber below'the' outer ring of headers 12.` To permit thepassage of thevVenturi rv tube Gl into the combustion chamber, a portionof the supporting T-bar 17 is cut away vas indicated atf62 (Figures 8and 9) thruwhich the'Venturi tube extends tangentially.l The separatedends of the supporting T- bar 17 are rigidly joined by a yoke-shapedconnecting member ('33, the ends of which are riveted vto the web. ofthe T-bar as indicated at y6st. The discharge end of the Venturi tube ornozzle' 61 vis contracted in its vertical dimension so as to shape thelarge discharge mouth lintojel'liptical forma- -tion to permit theinsertion of the venturi posed of a suitable refractory material'capable of withstanding the temperatures prevailing therein .from theissuing flame;

j and to support this refractory Venturi tube and protect it againstmechanical injury 2 there is provided a metallic shell whichsurroundsthe same and has flanges ffor I l bolting to theweb: of theT-bar'as clearly .shown in Figure 8.

'momentarily enriching the combustion' mix- The shell 65 projects4 -outtangentially from the outer water wall where lis ,provided with a flange`67 which is bolted the flange 68 'of lthe motor driven blower 69. Thedischargeend ofthe refractory Venturi tube is joined witlr thecombustion chamber 54 'in anypreferred manner, preferably by means of ajoint which is made flame and heat tight yby a reenforcen'ientl of lireclay or the like. The v refractory Venturi tube v(i1 extends up into'the Venturi formation of the shell 65 to approximately the mostconstricted lpartV of the Venturi throat where the liquid fue! nozzle orother supply meansl is situated. In

the `more, advanced practice of steam driven vehicles thefuelsupplymeans is provided with automatically operated apparatus forstarting 4and stopping or otherwise controlling the vsupply of fuel tothe Aburner in accordance with boiler' and burner conditions, and isalso'provided with'means for Aes ture or initiating avseparate ignitionmix- A t-ure at starting to facilitate" ignition. This portion ofthe'burner 'apparatus is foreign tof the present invention andfneed not beillust'rated or described in detail.' y

For the purposes of disclosing the present invention-suffice it to saythat the blower 69' is 'driven byv an electric motor 7l under manual orautomatic control,l and that the air impelled from'this blower isintimately commingled lwith the liquid fuel projected from the fuelsupply means for the purpose -of'forming acombustible mixture, which isthen projected into the combustion cham-y ber '54. f j l The method ofburning the fuel after its injection into the combustion chamber' is asfollows: f y In discharging from the Venturi tube 6 1 .the combustiblemixture enters the combustion chamber at the lowest point o f thehelical or spiral bottom of the chamber.-. As has been previouslydescribed, the bottom wall or surface lof the combustion chamber risesin a gradual, uniform spiral or helix fromA the lowest point at whichthe combustible mixtureenters, designated '72, thru approximately acomplete circle to the highestpoint designatedi,v 74 denotes the slopingwall between the high and low points of the helical bott-om ofthechamber.- As the flame is impelled into the combustion chamber itstrikes the circular .outer wall thereof and partakes of a revolvinghelical motion under the yinfluence ofthe helical bottom of thecombustion chamber and slowly rises in ioo an ascending helix tothccirculating tubes tion chamber and in their spiral ascension.

these gasesencounter the inwardly curved lip 58 from which they aredeflected inwardly'to prevent their coming in contact with the heatabsorbing surfaces of the outer Fil feo

combustible constituents.

into contact with the lowermost circulating tubes la, is dependentinai-iily upon the vertical distance between the two, upon the pitch ofthe helical bottom of the coinbustion chambeizand upon the. velocity ofthe entering mixture. The inherent tendency of the flame to rise isovercome by the velocity of the same, which tends to keep it rotating ina substantially' horizonal plane. The helical path formed by the fiamedoes nottendtoretard the velocity of the same as would a reversing pathof travel. and consequently the velocity ofthe flame is sustained for aconsiderable period., The centrifugal inertia created in thenevolvingflame impels the largerainburned.particlesof fuel outward into contactwith the outer chamber wall 55, the surface of which is at a temperatureof incandescence, and consequently Q. these particles of fuelimmediately vola- Another` notable charac-- vteristic is that as aresult of the revolving tilize and ignite.

motion of the gasesfthe gases come into contact with the circulatingtubes 14 while moving with a partly horizontal motion and thus permeatehorizontally thru the' entire nest of tubes rather than up verticallythru the flue spaties therebetween.

Moreover, the -revolving motion of the gaseseffects an equalization ofpressure over thel entire burner area and insures uniform heatingof theboiler. -The gasesascend up thru'the nest of tubes 14, coming intointimate contact'with the tops and bottoms of the tubes aswell as thesides by reason of their partly revolving motion, and finally pass downcentrally thru `the exhaust flue 11 Where they release their remainingheat to the inner headers 13. The pressure Avith which the fuel isiinectedand the lprovision of the downdraft exhaust fluev 11 result inthe maintenance of a slight pressure in the boiler flues at allgti'nies.

It will be apparent that the preceding 'nielhodgof burning fuel obtainsa maximum extent offlame space and a maximuml coinbustion interval froma very confined coinbustion area. The fundamental theory underlying theefficacy of this methodis the injecting of `fuel tangentially into asubstantially circular.' combustion chamber` and l. i i.. burning 1twhile revolving 1n the chamber. The heliealp'ath'ofthe fiame is but asecondary factor in contributing toy this end and may be eliminated ifdesiredby forining the bottom of the combustion chamber substantiallyfiat." The principal advantage of 'the rising helicall motion of thegases is to avoid the interference and confusion of the gases causedbythe gases revolvingv around the combustion @hambef and break- Thecombustiony vinterval between the time the burning mixture is 'injectedinto the combustion chamber from the Venturi 61 and the time it comes,headersA 13.

to be understood that this method of burning a fuel inay-be (intended towidely difterent fuels including `powdered or pulverized coal.

It will be seen from the action of the burner that the lower `centralportion of the boiler -will be heated intensely by the ascending gases.This portion includes the lowermost circulating tubes and the innerwallof As a result. steam will be formed in these tubes and headers, and.duc to two distinct actions, circulation of the waterin-the boiler willtake place. The first action is-a diminution of the density of the waterby expansion when heated. The second .effect is a diminution of thespecic gravity of a column of water due to the space taken upby steam'bubbles. This causes the column of water in the inner header 13 tobecome of considerablyv less density than the comparativelv cold waterin the outer header 12. As a consequence, the level of waterl in the twoheaders will not bejthe same, the lcolumn rising higher in the header 13than in the header 1Q. As a result of this action the water will tend toflow back tothe headerlQ, thru the inclined intermediate circulatingtubes 14. Instead of having a Vdefinite water level in both sides,

' as indicatedlin the sectioned header 12, the

streams thru `the tubes. which "are highly heated, so that a mechanicalsifting of the steam from the water-is effected by thc action of thewater in running down an incline in a. tl iin.'stream, and furthermore,such waterv is also iowing over a very hot metallic plate in'a thinsheet with a free steaming surface in ideal condition for the rapidformation of steam.

The relative dimensions of the tubes 14 have an important relation inthe action of the boiler. are of comparatively short length with aconsequently large sectional area relative-to the length ofthe tubes.IThe short length of the-tubes and their relatively large sectional areaafford a steadier. steaming action for the following reasons: First, thetubes have a larger steam freeing capacity and are more capable ofdischarging the steam without disturbing the steaming action'of thewater remaining` in the tubes. It the case of a long tube of relativelysmall sectional larea the great length` of the tube hasa tendency togenerate Qr.,fijee.a greater,` volume of steam than the retti/tied are@ef 'theuibe ,can die l It will be noted that these tubes,

ing into the entering stream of gases. lt is "charge l"quietly,viv'ith-l ai' consequent sblowing of the entire charge of water and.steair'rfrom "the ends of thetube. Obviously, this v1s not 'conducivetosteady, rapid steaming. Sec- 5 ond, the relatively largersectionalareaaffordsa'-norei extensive heating surface 'for heating'lthe'streamsof Water coursing down these tubesc alrwithstand much higherheatthru thetubes.` From the mechanical, aspect,

- ing vowing to the decreased longitudinal ex-4 by -theinwardcontractionof the central iuel pension resulting "from the short length of thesame. The ,slightexpansion 4of these relatively'short tubes is'taken upby the out-` Ward expansion of the' outer casing 44 and pipe 21 underthejpressure of the headers. The comparative Adimensions of the outerheader 12 and the inner .header13, relative to each other and to thecross tubes 14.-, also bears an important relation to the action of theboiler. largevolume of the outer header 12, and the Asa' result oftherelatively,

' fact that this'header is not heated to as high 'adegree as is theremain der. of tlie'section, 25 the lWater in this" header 1ssubstantially" 59 header 13 results `in aviolentebullition of,

quiescent during even the most rapid steam` fing of the boiler, andconsequently this nuten` *header constitutes an ideal steam chamber.

,Y from which to withdraw the steam from the aoiler with minimumpossibility of priming The relatively' large volume of the4 outer header12 enables'this header to receive the great quantity of vcirculatingwater from the l tubes 14 iny even the mosty rapid working 135, periodsot' the boiler Without \agitation of tions as a heat reservoir .forpreventing ir\` regular fluctuations of the boilervtenipi-ira` ture, andthat the large steam space in the upper end ofthe header affords`capacity for the vaccuin'ulation' of a volume of steam capableofmeeting sudden, and large demands.

The relatively small Yarea ofthe inner the water therein in even-thelighter steaming periods ofthe boi-lerjjlt will be, apparent from therelatively large area of the sunt limited area of the header, that Waterand steam will be discharged into the header at tossing of the Waterupinto the-'extreme up- Which the Water is discharged intothe header"13. and the liiglrb'oiliiig temperature of thehe'ader resultingffrom-theintimatejf `tion as adrying zone forth-ying or partial per end, ofthe'header. 'The rapid rate .at

tubes 14,. These uppermost tubesof course Vdou-'not receive the. Waterin such volume as do the lower intermediate tubes, and fromy thisffactfthese uppermost tubes ideally 'fun drying-the steam liberated the inn'header lgand conducting;` it:to the steam collecting` spacein theoutcrheader 12; The.

final drying and superheating of the steam takes place in thesuperheating coil Q8-from whence the" s teain ,is discharged thru the'steam mani-fold 32 to the supply pipe 37.v

struot'ed in different sizes end still being;`

This circular arrangement also perniits' of practically any ratiobetween the proportions ot' the headers vand tubes, either by placingthe Wall of the inner headers closer'A to or further from the center ofthe boiler, or by the changingofthe shapes of the headers andi tubesinto `a .configuration designed to. give any desired proportion. Forexample, the.v outer headers 'may be constructed of elliptiv It will beseen from the foregoingthat the 4relative proportions ybetn'eenthe innerandv outer headers land the connecting "tubes" hare-a veryimportantrelation in the Working' ofthe boiler. VIheucirc'ul-arformation. ot the boiler permits' the headers being con.-

placed in Contact to form solid water-Walls. l f V calsection,asjs'hown'in Figure 5 withfthe major axesI` disposed tangentially to theringT of headers. andfwith the inner headers constructed-'ofelliptical-section with the major vaxes extending radially to ,the ringotf- =headcr`s.,

" Another modification of boiler section for obtaining' adifferent'relation ibetween theA -innerand outer headers and the tubesisillus-` trated in Figure 6.` In this form there -are twice asniany'outer headersllH as there are inner headers 18" andthe outerheaders 12 i are consequently of smaller diameter, Which results'in adecreased volume in the outer headers and also in slightly longer tubes14C". The connecting-tubes, 14'/ are di# 'versed into separategroupswhich connect With separate outer headers 12". It will.

hence `be apparent 'that by changing the raby givingione `or bothseriesof headers 'a In Figure 10 I have illustrated a modified form ofIburner idilfering mainly frein-tha such a rate as to cause aviolentagitation or previous form in the, angle 'ot' injection'bf sua dialdistances betii'een'theiingsotlieaders;

In this A modiiied form, the tlameor'combustible mix` turehis injectedlradially into the combustion chamber 4.f"thr`u the radial ,Venturi tube1".' ".:This 'Venturitu-be projects thru a ra`- aalepenhs iii-tbeSupporting Tfber 11.7 f

. lar t'o the-previously described combustion paths around each side ofthe burner. 20

chamber having the inner and outer circular walls 55 andffi`4but'differs therefrom in the formation `of the bottoni wall or Surface,which is preferably formed in a flat horizontal plane. The inner annularwall 56y is formed of a radiali evtendiner dividine" baffle -l. composedof a-suitable heat refractory material, which projects radially towardthe (enter of the venturi discharge opening and functions to divide orpart the entering flame laterally into the circular At a-pointdiametrically opposite the dividing baffle -l is a second baflle whichfunctions to deflect the outer strata of flame or mixture and turn itback upon itself, as indicated by the arrows. Part of the two dividedportions reun'ite by colliding` in front of the baffle T5. so that adiffusion of the two portions of flame and mixture takes place in thisregionA This diffusion of flame or mixture spreads out overapproximately `the entire rear section of the combustion chamber.` Thetheoryof dividing the entering flame or mixture in this/ manner and thenbringing the two divided portions together` and defiecting and diffusingthe same over the entire area of the combustion chamber is primarily forthe purpose of securing a uniform pressure of the flame or mixture overthe entire chamber area for obtaining a uniformity of heat generationaround the entire boiler. At the point of injection adjacent the Venturitube the pressure of the flame or mixture is obviously highest. There isa natural tendency for this pressure to diminish with increase ofdistance from the point of injection. This condition is compensated forby the present practice of'dividing the fiame or -mixture at the pointof inectifon and then deflectmg r'euniting a ud diffusing the fiame ormixture in a region which would be otherwise starved. As a result, thepressure in the rear portion of the burner isapproximately the same asthat in the front portion of the burner adjacent the point of injection,and consequently a uniform heating effect is had over the entire burnerarea.

In Figure 13 is shown still another modified form of burner of the samegeneral arrangement as just described. In this form, both lthe inner andouter strata are deflected and turned back upon themselves torecn'cula'te 4in theopposite direction.

This is accomplished by -a dividing wall 76, situated diametricallyopposite the Venturi tube 6l', whchis provided with," arcuate' deiectingbaffles 77, forming smallleircular pockets in which each strata of fiameis defiected and turned inward toward the other to recirculate in vtheopposite direction. This oppositely circulating portion of flame,meeting with the entering strata, tends to estab- 70 'lish a whirling'vortex, somewhat asindicated. and by this .action the flame is' wrappedupon itself immeroustimes. This form of burner, as well as the formspreviously described, have as one of their fundamental objects toutilize a long, high velocity flame in the limited space available.` Inthe burner illustrated in Figure 8, and in the present form, it will beobserved that the flame is either coiled in a. helical path or isdefiected back upon itself numerous times in order to permit of then'laximum lengt-h of flame possible'. This action of wrapping the longfiame lupon itself is equivalent to `affording a larger combustion area.Recent tests also prove that-the most efiieient heat absorption by theboiler occurs when there is a high velocity impingement of the flame andgases on theboiler surfaces.

I have previously described, the circular formation of the present,`boiler peculiarl'v adapts it to the space limitations existing invehicle practice, and also to any situation where con'ipactness isdesirable. As illustrating' certain novel and `practicalV lines ofdevelopment arising from'the compact form and circumscribed dimensionsof the boiler, I have shown-in Figures 1l and l2 a battery of twoboilers installed in la steyam truck for the joint or independentgeneration of steam for propelling the truck. Each boiler 8O is anindependent unit in. and of itself and is capable of operating entirelyindependent of the other. The pro-l vision of the two independentlyoperable units thus affords a reserve source of steam generation in theevent of the disablement .of'one of the units. The two boiler units arepreferably placed transversely to the chassis and as close together asthe feed water and blower connections will permit, In the case of theboilers being arranged with the feed water connections y under theheaders as shown in Figure 7, the boilers can be placed nearly incontact, with just sufficient room l between to accommodate thesecondary blower shaft. Where the feedwatcr head'- ers are disposedoutside of the boilers, onel of the boilers can be placed slightly abovethe other so as to have the feed waterpipes overlap. This placing of`the boilers at slightly different levels also has the added utility ofAfcilitating the location of the motOQ/llshafting for the blowers as Ishall presently describe.

Each boiler has its own feed water appa- 'atus and connections and itsown individual lower u'nit 8l for vits respective burner. The two blowerlunits 81 are substantial du.- plicates and may be independently driventhough for the purposes of a mutual-control `blowers in. the V-pocketsbetween the boilers and contributes to securing' a maximum "de- ,Q'ifeeof coinpactness of the battery of boilers. The. shaft 83 of the inotor82 extends thru Ithe axis ofthe adjacent blower 8l and over this' shaftissleeved the hub of the rotary in'ipellerof said blower. as indicatedat 84. Splinedon thc motor shaft 83 is a shiftable jaw cliitchS whichis-adapte'd to engage .with a similar clutch formation in thejend. ofthesleeve 84. 'Ihe motor shaft 83 is eX- tended slightly beyond theshiftable clutch A85 where it isprovided with a gear86 meshing with asimilar gear 87 on the secondary blower shaft .88. 'Ihis secondary shaft88 extends axially thru.the' other blower 81, wliiclifis situatedslightly above or below the first. blower to permit of the use of thegears 8G and 87. Therotary iinpeller. in the sec? ond blower is alsosleeved over the secondary shaft 88- as indicated at' 89,'and is adaptedto be @hitched thereto by a shifta-ble jaw clutch 91. It will be notedthat the two blowers :have discharge outlets .facing inl oppositedirections for discharging into .their respectiveburners, which arepreferably of the tangential type. The provision of sepgether by the twogears 86 and 87 is for the purposeof obtaining opposite directions of i'rotation of the blowers' whereby similar blowers ofan iden-tical stockdesign can be employed.

The clutching of either or both 'of the `blowers to the electric motordrive maybe effected in :any suitable manner.v The steam lines 92 fromeach boiler are extended to a joint control valve 93, by the operationof which either or both of the. steam lines can be-connected to thecommon steam supply.

pipe 94 extending'o lthe throttle of the n .addition to the. advantageof affording areserve source of steam generation, the use of abattery ofboilers such as 'above describedhas the pre-eminent advantage ofpossessing a very desirable exibility of disposal, to the endof-utilizing to the utmost the space available for the boiler unit.. For

. the chassis .immediately behind the drivers compartmenhlIn suchsituation it is desir breadth of the required boiler space are very muchsmaller than would be required with any circular or rectilinear boilerof unitary construction and of equal heating area. The ficiibility ofthe battery of boilers and the ability of the several vboiler units teutilize to a maximum a-.relatively long narrow space will be manifest.It desired, one boilerunit could be employed for generating the -steamfor propelling the vehicle and, the other boiler uni-t could be utilizedto supply steam for the operation pumping mechanism or other auxiliaryapparatus on the `vehicle. w i

Although Ihave described 'my invention with reference to a particularembodiment as required bythe statutes, I do`iiot intend thereby to limitthe invention to any ofthe details herein described, as it is evident`nation of a`plurality of independently func- `tioning sections, eachofsaid sections co m- .prising an outer header and an inner header arateshafts for these blowers, geared .to-`

consisting of sections of tubing closed at their ends, a plurality oftransverse tubes extending between said headers, `said transverse tubesbeing-spaced to form flue areas therebetween, said boiler sectionsbeing'varranged in circularformation with each section radiating diverginglyfrom a subst-an- 'tiallyc'entral point, a manifold, and individualconnecting tubes for each of said sections, each tube having threadedconnection with a header of4 its section` and connecting at its otherend to said manifold.

2. In a boiler, the combination of a plu-y rality of independentlyfunctioning sections, each of said sections comprising Ian outer headerand an inner header consisting of wrought metal tubes closed attheirends, a. plurality of transverse tubesex'tending between saidheaders and welded'thereto,

said sections bcingarraiiged in circular formation with the sectionsradiating divergingly from a substantially central point, a centrallydisposed manifold, and individual connectingtubes connecting with theouter header of eachV boiler section and extending across the flue areabetween said inner and .outer headers forconnectionto said manifold;

3. In a boiler, the combination of a plurality o sections, each of saidsections coinprising an outer header and an inner header joined by aplurality ot .cross connecting l tubes, said sections being arranged incircular ormationwith the outer headers substantially in contact andiorining an outer circular water wall, and ascending and descending liuepasses within the circular enclosure formed by said outer headers, oneof said passes being surrouinlcd b'y the outer headers and disposedbetween them and thc innerheaders and the other suriouiided .by anddisposed withiny theinner headers.

4. In a boiler, the combination oi a plurality et verticalindependentlyfunctioning sections arranged in circular formation, eachof 'said sections comprising an outer yheader and an inner header joinedby a plurality of generally horizontal.connecting tubes, said outerheaders being disposed substantially in contact to form any outercircular waterwall, said inner headers being disposed substantially incontact to form an inner circular water wall, an annular coinbustionchamber. adapted to circulate the products of combustion between saidinner and 'outer water walls, means connecting the said annularcombustion chamber with an area within the said. inner water wall, andan exhaust Hue adapted to draw the same products of combustion from theareafwith-A in said inner water wall. t

5. In a boiler, vthe combination of av plu-- 40 tubes, saidv sectionsbeing disposed in circular formation` withv each section extendingsubstantially radially from the center of the boiler, saidlarge outerheaders forminfr a circular outer water wall, a steam-manifold andanindividual super-heating tube having a readily detachable coupling withthe 'outei` header of ea`ch boiler section and connecting with saidsteam manifold, said super-heating tube having sinuated loops inheaders.

v6. In a boiler, the combination of a plurality of independentlyfunctioning sections including a relatively large outer header, arelatively small inner header, a plurality of cross tubes connectingsaid headers, said sections having their corresponding headers incontact to form inner and outer circular water walls, an annularflueb'etween saidv 00 water walls, a combustion chamber beneath the luearea between said outer and innerY raw/,sae

7. In a boiler, thc combination of a plurality of sections each of saidsections coinprisin'g an outer header, an inner leader, and a pluralityof tubes connected thereto, said'- sections being arranged in circularformation with the sev-eral sections extending radially from 'the centerof the boiler, said outer and inner headers forming concentric outer andinner circular water walls, an annular heating liuc between said outerand inner water walls, and-a central exliaust Hue defined by said innerwater wail. S. In a boiler, the combination of a plurality ofindependent vertical sections, cach ot5 said sections comprising arelatively large `outer.header and a relatirely small inner headerJoined by a plurality of connecting tubes, saidsections being arrangedin circular i'ormation with each section wextending radially from thecenter ofthe boiler,` said' outer headers bei'iig placed in contact `toform a circular-outer water wall, said inner headersbeing 'placed incontact to form a circular inner water wall, an annular :heating-Huebetween said water walls, a central exhaust yflue delined bysaid innerwater wall, a combustion chamber below said annular heating flue, asteammanifold above said sections, a plurality of superlieating tubesdisposed in said heating ilue, said superheating tubes connecting tl1c`upper ,ciidsvof said outer hcaderswith said steam manifold, and a feedwater pipe having connection -with the lower ends of each of said outerheaders; i

9. The combination of a plurality of rradially extending sections, eachof said sections comprising an outer`V and an inner header, and aplurality of tubes.' connecting said headers, said outer headers beingdis posed substantially in contact and forming an outer circularwaterwall, said'inner Vheaders forming an inner circular water wall,Said outer and'inner water walls delining an annular fine spacetherebetween` a Central exlxaust 'flue defined by said inner waterwall,\coniinun1icating with said flue space, and a combustion chamberbetween said Water walls.

l0. In a boiler, the combination of a plurality of radially extendingsections, saidV sections each comprising an outer and an inner headerand a plurality of tubes connecting said headers, said outer headers beiingV disposed substantially in contact and forming an outer circularwater wall, a circular supporting bar, said outer headers resting onsaid supporting bar, and means disposed centrally in said boiler andengaging with said inner headers for ylaterallyr supporting saidsections. I.

t 11. In a boiler, a plurality of independent sections, each of saidsections comprising -a pair of headers and a plurality of circulatingtubes connectingy said headers, said head- 'ers being formed vvithydifferent sectional 'areas to obtain different rates of circulationtherein, the upperend of the. larger header defining a relativelyquiescent steam space, i

and a'steain discharge pipe connecting With said steam space.

.ain linner header and a plurality of circulat- 12. In a boiler, aplurality of independent sections, reach of said sections comprising apair of substantially verti *al headers, and af plurality ofcirculatingtubes connecting said headers, said headers being formed with differentsectional areas to obtaindiferentrates of circulation therein, thelarger header ex'- ten'ding below the lo'weiniost'circiilating tube ytoprovide a quiescent 'atei' space therein, the

upper end of said larger header defining a relatively quiescent steamspace, and a steam discharge pipe c oiinecting`with said'steain 13. In aboiler, the combination of a pluralityof independent sections, saidsections being arranged in 'circular formation with each sectionextending substantially radially, said sections each comprising an outerand ing tubes connecting said headers, said outer header being ofrelatively larger sectional area to obtain a reduced rate oflcirculation therein, the larger Volume of said outer header affording a`relatively `quiescent, :.ivater.

Aand ysteam space therein, the smaller-volume of said inner headeradapted for a rapid, violent circulation therein. f j

14. In a boiler, the combination of apluj ra-lity of independentvertical sections,` said sections being arranged in circular formationwith each section extending substan- .tially radially, said `sectionseach comprising an outer-and an inner header and a plu- -rality ofcirculating tubes connectingsaid headers, said 4outer header being ofrelatively large diameter to obtain a reduced rate of circulationvtherein, the upper end `of said outer header defining av quiescent steamspa-ce, said inner header being of relatively small diameter to obtain ahigh rate of circulation therein, an annular fire Hue defined by saidouter and inner headers, a steam discharge pipe,l connecting Withthe Asteam space of each outer header, and a feed Water connection, connectedto the lower end of each outer header.

15. In a boiler, the 'combination of a'plurality of independentvertical'sections, each A ofsaid sections comprising an outer and aninner header and a plurality. of circu- ,lating tubes connecting saidheaders, said sections being arranged inicircular formation with eachsection extendingl substantially radially, said'outerheaders forming aclosed outer 4Water Wall. said inner headers forming a closed Ainner.Waterwall, a casing Surroundingsaid outer Water Wall, said casvingcomprising a cover for the top of said boiler, a vcombustion chamber atthe bottom of Asaid'boiler between 4said outer and inner Water Walls,and a down-draft exhaust flue leading from within said inner wfaterwall.

16. In a boiler, the combination of a plurality' of independent Verticalsections, saidA sections being arranged in 'circular formation. witheachl sectionv extending substantially radially, said-sections eachcomprisfbottoinof said boiler by said base ringand' adapted to'circulate products off combostion between said ente-rand inner waterWall,

`closing olf the top thereo 17. In a boiler, the combination of apluralitytofl independent vertical sections, each of said sectionscomprising an outer header and a casing surrounding said boileifand andan .inner header joined by a plurality ofl generally horizontal crossconnecting tubes,

,said sections being arranged in circular formation with each sectiondisposed substantially radially and with the outer headers-ofsaid'sections substantially in contact tofform Y an outer Wateriwall, anannular flue space `defined in part by said outer Water Wall, acircular, open combustion chamber for circulating products of combustionthrouglisaid flue space, fuel supply meansA for injecting a combustiblefuel substantially tan- `gentially intosaid chamber, and means forrevolving said fuel in said combustion chainber and in said iiue'spaceduring its process of combustion.

.' 18. Ina heilen-the 'combination of a plui 'rality of independentsections arranged in circular formation,'each of said sections coin.-prising an outer header and an inner header joined by a plurality ofconnecting tubes,

said outer headers being disposed substan-` tially in contact to formanoutercircular Water Wall, means for supporting said outer headers, and aring shaped feed Water pipe disposed adjacent said outer Water wall, j

an'dhaving feed Water` connection ofsaid outer headers.

19. In a boiler, the .combination of rality of vertical sectionsarranged in circular formation, each of said sections coinprising anouter header and airinner header with eac-h joined by a plurality ofconnecting `tubes,

said 'outer headers being disposed substantially iii-contact to form anouter circular Water Wall, a circular supporting bar upon which nestssaidouter headers, a ring shaped feed Water pipe disposed adjacent saidouter headers tand a'pluralityof releasable feeda plus `W`ater pipe witheach of said outer headers.

2Q. ln a circular sectional high pressure Water-tube boiler, asectioncomprisingv an Outer header, an inner header and'watertubesextendingbetaveen said headers, said tubes having,` their inner ends`lying in a single vertical row and having their outer ends staggered.- Y

21. In a sectional round boiler, av series of radial sections having'inner headers and outer headers connected by cross tubes, saidheadcrsbeing substantially in contact to deline an ann-ular passagewaybetween them, steam connections for me sections comprising asteam nozzlethat is disposed at the top of cach section, a manifold block locatedadjacent the top of thevboiler, said block having` convergentpassafrexvays and a common discharge nozzle, and connecting pipes havingreadily detachable connections .for connecting said passageways with thesteam nozzles of the individual sections.

22. In a roundsectional boiler,`a".plu rality 0f adial sections having,Youter headers and inner headers connected by cross tubes, the outer'headers being substak tially in contact to' deiine an outer Wall,discharge nozzles connected to the outer header adjacent the' topthereof, a manifold block having a plurality of substantially radialpassageways corresponding to the number of outer headers, a common steamdelivery nozzle, `and quick detachable connections beltween Said radialpassajrcways and thesteam discharge nozzles of thc individual sections.

i 23. In a round sectional boiler, a series of radial sections 'havinglinner and outer headers connected by cross tubes, a connectingblockhaving a plurality of converging passageways, a common steam deliverypipe leading from said block and-connecting with said passageways, andpipes having readily releasahl'e connections connected betweenv saidpassageways and the outer headers ofthe sections, said pipes beingdisposed between the cross tubes of the, sections and relcasahleconnections and joining saidv manifold block with the outer' headersofthe sections.

In Witness Awhereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 29th day ofNovember A. D. 1919.

WILLIAM I-I. WVINSLOlV.

